Math.random() returns a double value greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. Its value is stored to an int but as this is a narrowing conversion, a cast is needed to tell the compiler that you are aware that there may be a loss of precision.

The value after the decimal point is lost when you cast a double to int and you are left with 0.

This question is not testing your knowledge of the continue statement. It is testing your knowledge of the order of evaluation of operands. Basically the prefix and postfix unary operators have a higher order of evaluation than the relational operators. So on line 4 the variable i is incremented and the variable j is decremented before the greater than comparison is made. As the loop executes the comparison on line 4 will be:

if(i > j)

if(2 > 9)

if(3 > 8)

if(4 > 7)

if(5 > 6) at this point i is not less than 5, therefore the loop terminates and line 9 outputs the values of i and j as 5 and 6 respectively.

The continue statement never gets to execute because i never reaches a value that is greater than j.

This question is about the + (plus) operator and the overriden + (string cocatanation) operator. The rules that apply when you have a mixed expression of numbers and strings are:

If either operand is a String, the + operator concatenates the operands.

If both operands are numeric, the + operator adds the operands.

The expression on line 6 above can be read as "Add the values i1 and i2 together, then take the sum and convert it to a string and concatenate it with the String from the variable s1". In code, the compiler probably interprets the expression on line 8 above as:

System.out.println( new StringBuffer() 
    .append(new Integer(i1 + i2).toString()) 
    .append(s1) 
    .toString() ); 

The variable k on line 3 is an interface constant, it is implicitly public, static, and final. Static variables can be referenced in two ways:

Via a reference to any instance of the class (line 11)

Via the class name (line 12).

Both substring() and charAt() methods are indexed with a zero-base, and substring() returns a String of length arg2 - arg1.